What's missing may be key to understanding genetics of autism

Still, ancient shoe makers at Areni-1 knew what they were doing. “They produced a fairly rugged piece of footwear that was ideally suited for their environment,” O’Brien says. At the time, the area would have been mainly flat grassland with a cool, dry climate.Office 2007 key is very convenient!

Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old frozen mummy discovered in 1991 in the Italian Alps, wore remnants of deer- and bear-leather shoes with upper and lower parts held together by straps.

Shoes from Areni-1 and Ötzi, as well as the ancient Israeli sandals, reflect regional differences in shoe-making techniques and styles during the 4th millennium B.C., Pinhasi proposes.

There’s currently no way to determine if similar leather footwear was invented at different European and Asian sites or if it originated in one place and was swiftly adopted by other groups, comments archaeologist Michael Petraglia of the University of Oxford in England.Office 2010 download is available now!

At Areni-1, cool dry conditions helped to preserve ancient artifacts, including large containers holding wheat, barley, apricots and other foods. A layer of sheep dung covering the cave floor further aided preservation.

“There are children’s graves at the back of the cave, but so little is known about this period that we cannot say why all these different objects were found together,” Pinhasi says.

Researchers also know little about when people first started sporting shoes. Studies have found that Stone Age human skeletons from Europe display unusually small toes, suggestive of footwear use by 40,000 years ago.

Each person with autism may have their own genetic version of the developmental disorder, a new large-scale study finds.Buy Office 2007 you can get much convenience.

Rare variations in which some parts of a person’s genetic blueprints have been erased or repeated are responsible for some cases of autism, the study shows. Such missing or duplicated stretches of DNA are known as copy number variations and have been implicated in schizophrenia and other diseases (SN: 4/25/09, p. 16).